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station this is houston are you ready

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for the event

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columbia business school this is mission

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control houston please call station for

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a voice check

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station this is columbia's business

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i hear you loud and clear and i'm really

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delighted to be able to speak with you

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and we're all in 301 euros and we're all

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clutching our astronaut ice cream

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packets and we're excited to be able to

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ask you some questions so the first one

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comes from alex ortanian alex hi tim uh

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thanks for taking the time to speak to

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us today my question is what's the most

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important thing you learned during your

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mba that you continue to use reply uh in

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your role as a commander on the space

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you know it's a great question alex i

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think you know one of the things that

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the nba did for me was just reaffirmed

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that

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leadership is a continual learning

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process we are always learning and

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whether it's in a business scenario or

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here on space station or on the ground

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and the teams that work there it's very

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important for us to continue to build

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teams uh to to get along with people and

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to focus on results and part of that is

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us being individually competent in our

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tasks whether you're an astronaut we

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have very specific skills we need to

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have but as a business leader having

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those skills so that people respect you

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okay

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tim this comes from

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binanzu i'm going to ask on her behalf

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was there a business school moment in or

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outside the classroom which has proved

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to be a pivotal learning experience for

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you know i think there was one

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particular moment it was a personal

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leadership class that i had and this was

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about a year and a half into our program

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and by that point in time our class

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became very tight and we had spent a lot

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of time together not just in class but

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on the weekends in london and and in new

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york dubai and in buenos aires so we're

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a very tight group and and during this

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personal leadership class we had a small

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group session and it was really a

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feedback session for us to brainstorm

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about what our next steps would be and

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uh it was among a very small group of

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people that uh we all trusted each other

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and uh we were open to feedback and and

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there's actually been some really

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tremendous results out of that

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conversation among those people not just

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myself but some of the other folks in

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that group and uh it was just a seminal

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moment i think for for many of us to

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have that trusting environment to to

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share with other people uh that we're in

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a similar experience from a business

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school perspective and be able to

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our next question comes from catherine

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canfield yes hi i'm kate my question is

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what have you found is the most

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motivating way to get buy-in from your

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crew on critical issues that you're

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hi kate that's a great question i think

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that uh

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it's very very important to to listen

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and uh to be flexible in your thinking

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and what happens i find with myself and

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i've seen this with others is that that

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often times when you get in those

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conversations and if you can keep an

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open mind your own opinion and the

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approach that you take may change and so

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it's it's good to uh to try to include

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the viewpoints of others and maybe

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sometimes it's not appropriate to to

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incorporate theirs but making sure that

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people are included in the process i

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our next question is from alex weinstein

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hey tim thanks for being here for us

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today um my question is what new

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perspectives have you gained from

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you know it's a good question

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our planet actually has lots of borders

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we have

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create natural borders

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um there are borders that are are there

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for very specific cultural and

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historical reasons but i understand your

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question

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and i guess one thing that you can get a

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very physical sense of from this

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viewpoint is that the planet is very

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interconnected you see you see roads at

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night that connect cities across borders

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you see the contrails of jets leaving

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major hubs that cross all over the globe

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and you see ships going through channels

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and through waterways so you can tell

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that we're a very interconnected planet

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and from that perspective i think that

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you know it's it's good for us to

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recognize that that there are lots of

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differences among peoples and countries

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but

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they're ways that we connect and it's

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there's ways to sort that out i think

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business actually is a tremendous way

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that that we are able to have some that

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our next question comes from robbie

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rutkoff

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hey tim welcome back to cbs virtually

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um i'm curious to know what you would

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say are the three biggest differences in

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the dynamics of managing a team in space

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that's a great question you know i don't

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think there are fundamental differences

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but there are certain things that are

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amplified that all of us notice so for

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example

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our communication with the ground is

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typically on an open space to ground

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loop

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and

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what you learn from that is that

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that uh there's a lot less context and a

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lot less content in the communication

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when it's not face to face we have video

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conferences with our leadership on

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occasion but it's just not the same and

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so

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what ends up happening is that your tone

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of voice and the words that you use

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become very very important and also

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conversely the words that people uh give

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you and their tone of voice is very

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important so there's a

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much stronger emphasis on that

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and from a different perspective here as

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a crew there's also um a change in terms

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of communication because you know we're

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all together it's all six of us and so

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uh tone is important and learning to get

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along is is a very very vital skill so

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that's probably something that's that's

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more amplified here too

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the third thing that comes to mind is

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that

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oftentimes you see a a wide variety of

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leadership styles maybe not just

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among different people but different

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circumstances and i would say with the

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the exception of emergency situations

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here on space station a directive

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leadership style is just not appropriate

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and so

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it's interesting watching the process of

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of how

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things work here in space and on the

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ground but you know by and large it's

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the same and those three things to me

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though kind of stand out as uh as a

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will campbell is next

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hi tim this next question is inspired by

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my brother who's a naval aviator um as

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you've progressed in your career from

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helos to the space station how have you

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managed the increased emphasis on team

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it's a great question you know uh even

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your brother the naval aviator i'm sure

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would say that uh even though he's

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making individual decisions in that jet

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or helicopter

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it uh it really comes down to those

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decisions impacting the bigger team and

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uh even when i was uh you know a young

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aviator and a lieutenant flying apaches

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the decisions i made affected all the

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people that i flew with and uh i think

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that that's still true up here today you

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know we have lots of individual uh

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skills and and uh individual tasks that

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we do but we always have to consider the

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impact that it has on the broader team

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so

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i guess there's always going to be a

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balance between you know your individual

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decisions and that the team aspect but

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you know in my experience those

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individual decisions always have come

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back to sort of an impact on on the

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connor bogan is next hi tim i know

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there's a lot of space between us but we

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really appreciate the opportunity to

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speak with such a star

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what skills do you think overlap between

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being an astronaut and being a business

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it's a great question i think that uh

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that teamwork is is the thing that is

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the greatest overlap

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uh human space flight is completely a

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team sport we have six people up here

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but there is an army of people on the

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ground that support this and

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dedicated their lives and careers to

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human space flight so we have a very

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visible role but they're doing really

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the yeoman's work on the ground to make

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this kind of mission possible in any

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future human space flight endeavor

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possible so teamwork is absolutely vital

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and and anybody who doesn't recognize

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that

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know i think doesn't really quite have

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the right focus and here on board we

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recognize that that

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there's no sole person who's making this

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work that all of us have to not just get

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along but work well together and be more

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tim i'm going to ask the next question

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on behalf of lindsay delevine and her

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question is

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in a high-stakes setting such as the

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international space station is there any

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room for risk-taking

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it's a great question you know

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we uh we use the word risk in a probably

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a different way than is used in the the

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business community you know for us our

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whole

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because what we do is inherently risky

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you know we launch on a rocket to get

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here we dock to a space station with

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lots of mechanisms and operations that

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have to

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we do spacewalks and go outside with

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hardware that may be imperfect and uh

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and so from that standpoint you know we

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are all about risk mitigation and uh

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from the standpoint of you know risk

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taking i understand the the context of

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risk-taking in terms of of trying to

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come up with new ideas and and broaden

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that out but i think there's probably

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you know what most people would consider

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less creativity in our job especially

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here the creativity really needs to

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happen on the ground when you're coming

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up with a plan in our case the best case

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scenario really is is to have a well

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designed and uh a well-written plan and

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then for us to execute it well and

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that's not very creative but that's a

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means by which we're able to mitigate a

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lot of risk

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okay

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uh beth dewoody is next hi tim thanks

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again for doing this we're clearly very

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excited my question is um as we move

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forward in our careers what advice do

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you have for leading international teams

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it's a great question we've had lots of

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experience

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with international travel i had some

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international groups

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international training you know we have

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three cosmonauts on our team here we

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have a british astronaut here on board

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and so

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we're pretty

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used to an international environment you

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know from my

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position i think it's very important to

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understand the cultures of the people

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that you work with and to the extent

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that i think it's important to to take a

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stab at their language too and so if you

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can have at least some basic language

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skills even if it's just to show a good

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effort i think that's very important and

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then from that standpoint

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with different groups of people diverse

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groups of people and cultures and

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opinions i think it's very important to

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uh to listen more

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and to

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to be flexible

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i'm going to ask the next two questions

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on behalf of students who could not be

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here this one is from

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zao way

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do you have any important advice to

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current students on how to best leverage

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the resources and access

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at columbia business school to improve

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it's a good question you know i think

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from my

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perspective leadership is really a

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hands-on learning process um i mean

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clearly there's an academic portion to

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it and we can always

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go to classes and we can read books you

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know the case studies that we had

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at columbia business school in london

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business school were

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very very useful and uh insightful

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the class we had in specific leadership

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skills and uh

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and techniques i think that's very

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important but at the end of the day once

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you graduate it's going to be a hands-on

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thing and and the primary resource in my

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opinion really is your classmates

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because

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over a period of time you're going to

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build strong relationships and you're

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going to find people that you really

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trust and that you connect with

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and

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think you need to turn to when you have

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uh questions and challenges and

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leadership positions because it's it's a

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it's a tough business being a leader is

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very very tough and doing it by yourself

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doing it solo is is even tougher so

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having someone you can lean on and

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someone you can consult is very

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important and and your fellow students

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are really going to be one of those best

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the next question on behalf of amir

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tavoli is a handful

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when looking down at the earth what do

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you see as our generation's most

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important challenge

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fixing the world we live in today or

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it's a good question i don't think it's

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a mutually exclusive problem i mean i

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think we should try to fix the world i

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think that we should also continue our

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efforts to explore and uh in some ways i

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think that that perhaps they're related

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you know i've spent some time at some of

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the the newer space companies and i see

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these young people that are super bright

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and completely on fire for human space

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flight and for space flight in general

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and so as a consequence of this of this

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vision of exploration

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i think that they've been energized to

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perform and to uh to do things that they

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never would have done otherwise and so

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that can result in

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economic development and prosperity and

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those kinds of things i help i think

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help lead to fixing our problems when

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there's more resources available to to

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solve those problems in terms of of

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intellectual capital and uh and money

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that that's all a good thing so in my

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mind they're they're very related

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right

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uh sampuna does gupta please hi tim

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thanks again for doing this um so we all

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took operations recently and i was

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wondering if you could talk a little bit

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about some of the biggest process

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improvement opportunities at the space

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it's a great question you know they're

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it's interesting having

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been here before it was uh 2009 so it's

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been a bit of time

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and from a process standpoint you can

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see that that space station

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has really become a much more mature

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process

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and it's a big machine not just the

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hardware but the people that are

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involved in in all the organizations

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that make this work and so i've seen

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this transition where things have become

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better and better

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but we can still

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even improve upon that and there's two

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areas that that come to mind that we're

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still working on and we're making

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progress on but we'll continue to uh to

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improve and that is getting a

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peer-reviewed top-tier science onboard

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station sooner so that we can get it

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here we can get the results back sooner

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i think that's very important

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and also i think it's uh it's vital for

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us to continue our development of uh

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of life support systems you know we have

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really good life support systems on

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board but the process to develop that

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hardware faster maybe a quicker turn in

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terms of getting that hardware up here

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so we can test it improve it and get it

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back down and that's another area in

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which we can make headway

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okay

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richard shaw has a question

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hi tim thanks for so proudly

415
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representing cbs at the space station

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my question is just hearing your

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thoughts on the commercialization of

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space whether it's through the rise of

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tourism or

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the discussion of industrial endeavors

421
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it's a great question you know there are

422
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a lot of companies now that are talking

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about flying uh humans in space people

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in space i think it i think it's a great

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idea

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the uh the challenge there is that

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human space flight

428
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has to be almost perfect

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every time without fail and uh you know

430
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that

431
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in some respects stands

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uh against the way that businesses tend

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to work right we uh we learn we fail we

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improve we go better

435
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well the consequences of failure

436
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in uh space flight are catastrophic and

437
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so it's going to be a challenge

438
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on the other hand you know mining

439
00:17:20,470 --> 00:17:17,919
resources on near earth objects or the

440
00:17:22,630 --> 00:17:20,480
moon i think it's very fascinating to me

441
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because then it comes down to the

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technical feasibility um what your

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00:17:29,430 --> 00:17:27,199
business plan is like and what your

444
00:17:31,110 --> 00:17:29,440
return on investment is going to be so

445
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it'll be uh it'll be great to see what

446
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happens here the next several years

447
00:17:38,070 --> 00:17:36,880
okay sonic cox come on up

448
00:17:39,669 --> 00:17:38,080
hi tim

449
00:17:41,430 --> 00:17:39,679
um i'd like to know how will the lessons

450
00:17:43,510 --> 00:17:41,440
learned from scott kelly's year in space

451
00:17:47,350 --> 00:17:43,520
be applied to nasa's long-term plans for

452
00:17:50,630 --> 00:17:48,870
that's a great question we spent a lot

453
00:17:53,430 --> 00:17:50,640
of time with uh scott kelly and misha

454
00:17:55,430 --> 00:17:53,440
korenyenko up here uh great folks

455
00:17:56,950 --> 00:17:55,440
you know we don't have a full data set

456
00:17:59,270 --> 00:17:56,960
you know the science would like to have

457
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an n of a lot and now we have an n of

458
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two but i think we'll be able to see

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some trends uh physiologically on what

460
00:18:07,909 --> 00:18:06,480
what occurred especially since scott has

461
00:18:10,470 --> 00:18:07,919
a twin brother i think that may help

462
00:18:12,549 --> 00:18:10,480
from a scientific standpoint but equally

463
00:18:14,470 --> 00:18:12,559
if not more important i think is is

464
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going to be their observations on what

465
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it's like to live in space for two years

466
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what are the the challenges in terms of

467
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communications operations living

468
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environment

469
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those kinds of things i think will be

470
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very valuable lessons that we can take

471
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uh tim unfortunately we're being told

472
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that our window of opportunity is

473
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closing we could probably keep you uh

474
00:18:37,750 --> 00:18:36,160
here all day and all night or whatever

475
00:18:40,150 --> 00:18:37,760
the the time is

476
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wherever you are around our globe

477
00:18:43,669 --> 00:18:41,840
i just want to say on behalf of everyone

478
00:18:45,110 --> 00:18:43,679
here and everyone at the school we

479
00:18:51,270 --> 00:18:45,120
really appreciate you spending the time

480
00:18:55,430 --> 00:18:53,350
well it's been my pleasure to speak with

481
00:18:56,630 --> 00:18:55,440
you all my experience at columbia

482
00:18:58,710 --> 00:18:56,640
business school in london business

483
00:19:00,630 --> 00:18:58,720
school was a tremendous highlight and

484
00:19:02,870 --> 00:19:00,640
i'm very grateful for my opportunity to

485
00:19:05,270 --> 00:19:02,880
have uh have studied there so

486
00:19:11,750 --> 00:19:05,280
my best to all of you